Overview
Kyphosis is a spinal condition in which the upper back has an excessive outward curve, creating a rounded or hunched appearance. While some rounding is normal, the term kyphosis typically refers to an exaggerated curve. In older adults, kyphosis is often due to weakness in the spinal bones that causes them to compress or crack.
Symptoms
- Rounded back appearance
- Back pain and stiffness
- Fatigue
- Forward-leaning head
- In severe cases, difficulty breathing
Causes
- Poor posture (postural kyphosis)
- Scheuermann's disease
- Osteoporosis
- Congenital spine defects
- Degenerative diseases
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- X-rays of the spine
- MRI scan
- CT scan
- Pulmonary function tests (for severe cases)
Treatment
- Physical therapy and exercises
- Bracing (for adolescents)
- Pain medications
- Treatment of underlying conditions (e.g., osteoporosis)
- Spinal fusion surgery for severe curves
Recovery & Prognosis
Recovery depends on the severity and treatment approach. Physical therapy improvements may be seen in weeks to months, while surgical recovery takes 3-12 months.